otto i, holy roman emperor

Frederick Barbarossa (German: Friedrich I., Italian: Federico I; 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I, was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - The only German king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1210. Otto, a cultivated man, continued his father’s policies of promoting a strong monarchy in Germany and of extending the influence of his house in Italy. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. Otto I, byname Otto the Great, German Otto der Grosse, (born Nov. 23, 912—died May 7, 973, Memleben, Thuringia), duke of Saxony (as Otto II, 936–961), German king (from 936), and Holy Roman emperor (962–973) who consolidated the German Reich by his suppression of rebellious vassals and his decisive victory over the Hungarians. He died in May of 973 and was buried next to Edith in Magdeburg. Biography of Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne: King of the Franks and Lombards, German Peasants War (1524 – 1525): Uprising of the Poor, Biography of King Richard I, the Lionheart, of England, Crusader, Emma of Normandy: Twice Queen Consort of England, Eleanor of Aquitaine's Children and Grandchildren, Medieval Queens, Empresses, and Women Rulers, Biography of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, B.A., History, University of Texas at Austin. Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, and regent of the Holy Roman Empire during the minority of her son from 983 until her death in 990. This time Eberhard was killed in battle and Giselbert drowned while fleeing. With his older brothers dead, the two-year old Otto II's became the Kingdom's crown prince and Otto I's heir apparent. With Henry’s dominion over the entire kingdom secured by 929, his son Otto was designated by his father to receive the crown, confirming him as Henry’s heir. Henry had previously married Hatheburg, also a daughter of a Saxon count, in 906, but this marriage was annulled, probably in 909 after she had given birth to Henry's first son and Otto's half-brother Thankmar. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy. He was also the German king from 936. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He was the eldest son of Henry I the Fowler. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, he was also King of Italy for three years. He organized a strong German state and expanded his authority over Burgundy and Italy. February 962 – 7 May 973 Coronation 2. On April 14, 972, he married the Byzantine princess Theophano. Arriving in Rome on Feb. 2, 962, Otto was crowned emperor, and 11 days later a treaty, known as the Privilegium Ottonianum, was concluded, to regulate relations between emperor and pope. He was twenty-three years old. This led immediately to war, especially with Eberhard of Franconia and his namesake, Eberhard of Bavaria, who were joined by discontented Saxon nobles under the leadership of Otto’s half-brother Thankmar. Scholars know little of his childhood, but it is believed he engaged in some of Henry's campaigns by the time he reached his late teens. Otto's concerns in Burgundy led to a change in his domestic status. Desc: Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy.. Otto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in 961, at an early age, and his father named him co-Emperor in 967 to secure his succession to the throne. Holy Roman Emperor Otto I. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/otto-i-profile-1789230. Edith had died in 946, and when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy, was taken prisoner by Berengar of Ivrea in 951, she turned to Otto for aid. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. Desc: Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (Otto der Große, Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor … John was not well-received by the populace, who had another candidate in mind, and a revolt ensued; so Otto returned to Italy once more. He brought Italy and Burgundy under German control. Faceted Browser ; Sparql Endpoint ; Browse using . Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. (Otho I, called the Great, Emperor … You are inclined to be passionate, you assert your willpower, you move forward, and come hell or high water, you achieve your dreams and your goals. King of Germany and first Holy Roman emperor . English: Otto I. the Great (912–973) was king of Germany (936–973) and Holy Roman Emperor (962–973). Holy Roman empress, viewed Jan. 28, 2009 (Adelaide (Adelheide); 931-999); Holy Roman Empress, married to Otto II; when Otto the Second died, Adelaide became the substitute emperor; she ruled for Otto III; as soon as Otto the Third became fourteen, he politely yet firmly requested the crown; Adelaide agreed and ceded power to him) Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He is often regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire, Otto II was born in 955, the third son of the King of Germany Otto I and his second wife Adelaide of Italy. Otto I (November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. By 947 he had solved them by absorbing the duchy of Franconia into his direct rule and by handing over the others, Lorraine, Swabia, and Bavaria, to member… ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/otto-i-profile-1789230. Otto I was the son of King Henry I (the Fowler) of Germany. Then he went for a second time to Italy on the appeal of Pope John XII, who was hard pressed by Berengar of Ivrea. After prolonged fighting, Liudolf had to submit in 955. Toggle navigation. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy. English: Otto I. the Great (912–973) was king of Germany (936–973) and Holy Roman Emperor (962–973). His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire. Having returned to Germany, the Emperor held a great assembly of his court at Quedlinburg on March 23, 973. He then returned to Italy to help Pope John XII stand against Berengar of Ivrea. Otto installed Leo VIII as the next pope, and when Leo died in 965, he replaced him with John XIII. Emperors considered themselves responsible to the gods for the spiritual health of their subjects, and after Constantine they had a duty to help the Church define orthodoxy and maintain orthodoxy. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. "Holy Roman Emperor Otto I." Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. He subdued Rome and even advanced into the Byzantine south of Italy. The rest of the German dukedoms also went to Otto's relatives. 912-973. The emperor's role was to enforce doctrine, root out heresy, and uph… Otto was born on 23 November 912, the oldest son of the Duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler and his second wife Matilda, the daughter of Dietrich of Ringelheim, a Saxon count in Westphalia. Otto was born on November 23, 912 as the oldest son of Henry the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim. Moreover, when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy whom the margrave Berengar of Ivrea had taken prisoner, appealed to him for help, Otto marched into Italy in 951, assumed the title of king of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself, his first wife having died in 946. The niece of the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes. This time he stayed several years, dealing with the unrest in Rome and heading south into Byzantine-controlled portions of the peninsula. His negotiations with the Byzantines led to a marriage between young Otto and Theophano, a Byzantine princess, in April of 972. (see also CarolingiansCarolingians , dynasty of Frankish rulers, founded in the 7th cent. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wi https://www.thoughtco.com/otto-i-profile-1789230 (accessed February 11, 2021). He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans, reviving the title in Western Europe after more than three ce… by Pepin of Landen, who, as mayor of the palace, ruled the East Frankish Kingdom of Austrasia for Dagobert I. Otto was Duke of Saxony when his father died in 936, and he was at once elected king (which rule he held until 962) at Aix-la-Chapelle by the great magnates. This was discovered in time, and, whereas the other conspirators were punished, Henry was again forgiven. This mod requires Brave New World. Even Mieszko of Poland paid tribute to the German king. The latter Eberhard's submission appeared to be only a facade, for in 939 he joined with Giselbert of Lotharingia and Otto's younger brother, Henry, in a revolt against Otto that was supported by Louis IV of France. ", ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. The young king was bent on asserting the kind of firm control over the dukes that his father had never managed, but this policy led to immediate conflict. [2] [2] Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. In 952 Berengar did homage to him as his vassal for the kingdom of Italy. He marched into Italy, took up the title King of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself. The necrology of Fulda records the death "973 Non Mai" of "Otto imp". Otto had four full siblings: Hedwig, Gerberga, … He died in 973 and was succeeded by his only son as Otto II. Despite these internal difficulties, Otto found time to strengthen and to extend the frontiers of the kingdom. Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 62 Issue 2 February 2012 Nostalgia for the vanished Roman Empire in the West lasted for centuries after Romulus Augustulus, the final emperor, was deposed in 476. He was crowned King of Italy on 24 April 1155 in Pavia and emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155 in Rome. Otto I or Otto the Great, 912–73, Holy Roman emperor (962–73) and German king (936–73), son and successor of Henry I of Germany. The oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda, Otto was "the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy". From the time of Constantine I (r. 306–337), the Roman emperors had, with very few exceptions, taken on a role as promoters and defenders of Christianity. In 939, however, Otto’s younger brother Henry revolted; he was joined by Eberhard of Franconia and by Giselbert of Lotharingia and supported by the French king Louis IV. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (Otto der Große, Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor … Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, and regent of the Holy Roman Empire during the minority of her son from 983 until her death in 990. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was Eastern Francia, though it also came to include the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories. This confirmed and extended the temporal power of the papacy, but it is a matter of controversy whether the proviso enabling the emperor to ratify papal elections was included in the original version of the treaty or added in December 963, when Otto deposed John XII for treating with Berengar and set up Leo VIII as pope. This made it possible for Otto to defeat the Magyars decisively in the Battle of the Lechfeld, near Augsburg, in August 955; they never invaded Germany again. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy. Otto continued to see success in military matters, particularly against the Slavs. Snell, Melissa. Otto gained first experience as a military commander when the German kingdom fought against Slavic tribes on its eastern border. Otto was born on 23 November 912, the oldest son of the Duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler and his second wife Matilda, the daughter of the Saxon Dietrich, a count in Westphalia. Otto was again victorious: Eberhard fell in battle, Giselbert was drowned in flight, and Henry submitted to his brother. Otto, therefore, marched for a third time to Italy, where he stayed from 966 to 972. After inheriting the kingdom after his father’s death in 936, he began uniting the German tribes into a single kingdom. The younger man saw some success, and Otto had to withdraw to Saxony; but in 954 the invasion of the Magyars set off problems for the rebels, who could now be accused of conspiring with enemies of Germany. X) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 25-Apr-2007.jpg 2,048 × 1,360; 1.94 MB The Holy Roman Empire led by Otto I is a custom civilization by TopHatPaladin, with contributions from TarcisioCM and danrell. Henry submitted to the king, and Otto forgave him. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Otto had four full siblings: Hedwig, Gerberga, Henry and Bruno. Wikipedia Emperor Otto I was selected as the main motif for a high value commemorative coin, the €100 Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire commemorative coin, minted in 2008 by Austria. Otto was born on November 23, 912 as the oldest son of Henry the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim. Not long afterwards Otto returned to Germany, where he held a great assembly at the court in Quedlinburg. Still, fighting continued until Liudolf at last submitted to his father in 955. In 930 Otto wed Edith, the daughter of Edward the Elder of England. The oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda, Otto was "the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy". Grave of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.jpg 1,024 × 890; 155 KB Guntharius St Emmeram.jpg 874 × 1,400; 675 KB Icones imperatorvm romanorvm, ex priscis numismatibus ad viuum delineatae, and breui narratione historicâ (1645) (14723719146).jpg 1,954 × 1,996; 1.01 MB Ott… A further series of campaigns led, by 960, to the subjection of the Slavs between the middle Elbe and the middle Oder. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda.. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. Yet Henry, who felt he should be king himself in spite of his father's wishes, conspired to murder Otto in 941. May 973 [2][b] Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was one of two rival kings of Germany from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until he was forced to abdicate in 1215. She authored the forward for "The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Crusades. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum, German: Kaiser der Römer) during the middle ages, and also known as the German-Roman Emperor since the early modern period (Latin: Imperator Germanorum, German: Römisch-deutscher Kaiser, lit. "Holy Roman Emperor Otto I." He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda. tho I Known as "Otto the Great." His use of the church as a stabilizing influence created a secure empire and stimulated a cultural renaissance. Prolonged negotiations with Byzantium resulted in the marriage of Otto II to the Byzantine princess Theophano, in 972. The other German dukedoms were likewise bestowed on relatives of Otto. The Slavs were defeated in the east, and part of Denmark came under Otto's control; the German suzerainty over these areas was solidified by the founding of bishoprics. Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - Otto I was the son of King Henry I (the Fowler) of Germany. Melissa Snell is a historical researcher and writer specializing in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The archbishopric of Magdeburg was founded in 968 with three suffragan bishoprics. The Holy Roman emperor Otto I (912-973), called Otto the Great, was the most powerful western European ruler after Charlemagne. Otto III, (born July 980—died Jan. 23, 1002, near Viterbo, Italy), German king and Holy Roman emperor who planned to recreate the glory and power of the ancient Roman Empire in a universal Christian state governed from Rome, in which the pope would be subordinate to the emperor in religious as well as in secular affairs. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Holy Roman Emperor. 912-973. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. Omissions? February 962 St. Peter's Basilica, Rome ; Predecessor: First Roman-German Emperor Successor: Otto II. The niece of the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes. The plot was discovered and all the conspirators were punished except Henry, who was again forgiven. Nevertheless, in 941 Henry joined a conspiracy to murder the King. Otto found himself compelled to withdraw to Saxony; but the position of the rebels began to deteriorate when the Magyars invaded Germany in 954, for the rebels could now be accused of complicity with the enemies of the Reich. "Holy" Edit Although the term "sacrum" (i.e. Duke of Saxony, (auf deutsch "Herzog von Sachsen") Reign 2. Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große , Italian: Ottone il Grande ), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Having thus strengthened his own position, Otto could not only resist France’s claims to Lorraine (Lotharingia) but also act as mediator in France’s internal troubles. Eberhard of Franconia, Eberhard of Bavaria, and a faction of disgruntled Saxons under the leadership of Thankmar, Otto's half-brother, began an offensive in 937 that Otto swiftly crushed. Thankmar was killed, Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed, and Eberhard of Franconia submitted to the king. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Otto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Ger Otto was born in 955 in Saxony, Germany, as the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor and Adelaide of Italy. Otto had four full siblings: Hedwig, Gerberga, Henry and Bruno. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. While Henry I had controlled his vassal dukes only with difficulty, the new king firmly asserted his suzerainty over them. The rulers of the other great duchies caused Otto initial problems. Otto I entrusted his illegitimate son, Archbishop … Berengar was captured and taken to Germany, and in 964 a revolt of the Romans against Leo VIII was suppressed. Otto (Ottonian) Holy Roman Empire is the name on the profile, Otto (Otto I) "the Great, Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches (Liudolfinger), Liudolfinger, of Sachsen Italy and Germany" Holy Roman Empire formerly Ottonian is what the WikiTree way of naming makes of it. Otto was born on 23 November 912, the oldest son of the Duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler and his second wife Matilda, the daughter of the Saxon Dietrich, a count in Westphalia. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.

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